The Integration of Wisdom the Mutual Benefit Between Philosophical and Psychological Approaches to Wisdom, and Clinical Application

Abstract

Wisdom is one of the more complex constructs that has developed in psychological studies over the last two and a half decades. It is a construct that has proven difficult to define, with many authors and researchers giving birth to a wide variety of, often convoluted, definitions of wisdom. What exactly is wisdom? The current study seeks to define wisdom through an integrative method that incorporates an interdisciplinary model. With an integrated definition in mind, speculative exploration is given to clinical application. Regarding wisdom, the literature is vast across time and field of study. In Christian theology, wisdom is detailed in several ways throughout scripture and viewed as a gift given by God that grants an ordered vision focused toward God. A long history of writing is present through philosophical literature, with philosophy translating to “the love of wisdom.” Prominent among the ancient texts is Aristotle, who wrote of sophia as a combined knowledge and intuition of that which is “most precious by nature.” In Christian philosophical thought, Thomas Aquinas stated the connection between wisdom and order. The recently published Catholic Christian Meta-Model of the Person also contributes significantly to the discussion of wisdom. The psychological literature has developed an explicit study of wisdom in recent years. The Cambridge Handbook of Wisdom provides a summary and compilation of much of this thought. Psychology considers many aspects of wisdom, including rationality, intelligence, emotional regulation, reflection, spirituality, decision-making, and prosocial behavior. Through a process of elimination by distinction and cross-reference to similar or parallel ideas, the essence of wisdom is determined by finding some accord throughout psychology, philosophy, and theology. Clinical application is explored, with the potential benefit of wisdom in conceptualization, treatment planning, and specific interventions. In the end, the significance and benefit of integrated wisdom are stated in the interdisciplinary framework.